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Family Resemblance

Family resemblance is the idea that some concepts are defined by a set of overlapping traits rather than a single definition. The term is most famously associated with Ludwig Wittgenstein, though the idea did not originate with him.

In Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein asks readers to consider the concept of games. He notes that there is no single trait that is shared by all games. The category of game includes things as diverse as:

Baseball

Poker

Dungeons & Dragons

Scrabble

Fortnite

Hide and seek

400-meter hurdles

There is no single thing that unifies all these activities, though many share some sets of similarities. As Wittgenstein puts the point:

We can see how similarities crop up and disappear. And the result of this examination is: we see a complicated network of similarities overlapping and criss-crossing.